ANG  KARANASAN  NG  PINAKAMARAMING  DAYUHAN

Ang Intsik Sa Pilipinas, Sa Mga Darating Na Panahon

PINAKA-MATAGAL ang ugnayan ng Intsik at mga katutubo ng Pilipinas sa buong timog silangan, maliban sa Vietnam na matagal naka-away ng China at umiiwas ngayon sa mga Intsik. At maliban sa Thailand, pinaka-mabilis sa lahat ang mga Intsik sa Pilipinas sa pagiging mamamayan (citizens) at kahalo sa lipunan ng mga katutubo. Pagkaraan ng mahigit 400 taon, naging karaniwan na, at laganap pa rin hanggang ngayon sa Pilipinas ang pag-aasawa at pakikipag-familia ng mga Intsik at katutubo - bihirang gawain sa Malaysia at Indonesia. Madali kilatisin duon ang mga Intsik, batay lamang sa anyo, samantalang mahirap itangi ang Pilipino sa Intsik, kahit mala-Intsik ang pangalan, maliban sa gawa at kung sino ang mga kabarkada niya.

Magulo, madugo at matagal ang naging karanasan ng Intsik sa Pilipinas. Gaya ng ibang dayuhang pumasok sa kapuluan, nagdulot sila ng mabuti, at ng masama, sa mga tagarito. At tulad ng mga Español China at Amerkano, nakabilang na ang mga Intsik sa lipunan, at kasaysayan, ng kapuluan. Batay sa mga naganap, hindi mapipigil ang pagdanak sa Pilipinas ng mga Intsik sa mga darating na araw - lubhang malapit ang China at mabilis makipag-kaibigan ang mga Pinoy. Kapuna-puna, ang pintas ng mga Español, Amerkano at Pinoy sa dami at kagagawan ng mga ‘Sangley’ ay siya ngayong sumbat ng mga datihang Intsik sa mga bagong saltang Intsik. Kung gaano katagal magpapatuloy ang pasok ng mga Intsik, at kung magbabago ang kanilang kalagayan sa lipunan, ay batay sa magiging pagturing ng Pilipino at Intsik sa isa’t isa.

Ang Mga Pinagkunan:
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, nina Emma Helen Blair at James A. Robertson,
inilathala sa Manila, 1903-1906, Bank of the Philippine Islands commemorative CD re-release, 1998, at kabilang ang mga sumusunod:
Conquista de Malucas, ni Bartolome Leonardo de Argensola, Madrid, 1609
Informe sobre el estado delas Islas Filipinas en 1842, ni Sinibaldo de Mas, Madrid, 1842
Relacion verdadera del levantamiento de los Sangleyes en las Filipinas, Miguel Rodriguez de Maldonado, Sevilla, 1606
Sucesos de las Islas Felipinas, ni Antonio de Morga, Mexico, 1609, annotated by Jose Rizal, 1888

Balitang Beterano: Fil-Chinese Guerrilla in World War II in the Philippines, by Frank B. Quesada,
Philippine Headline News Online, www.newsflash.org/2004/02/hl/hl100564.htm
The Battle of Dagupan, Mel Jovellanos, Pangasinan Potpourri, www.sunstar.com.ph/speak_out/view_column.php?tauth=Mel%20Jovellanos
Bloody October for Chinese Filipinos, by Go Bon Juan, Research Director, Kaisa para sa Kaunlaran, Inc., www.manilatimes.net/national/2004/jun/06/yehey/top_stories/20040606top7.html
Chinese Exclusion, Information Please, www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0811914.html
Chinese Exclusion in the Pacific Northwest, www.utexas.edu/courses/west/12.html
Chinese Filipino, Dictionary of Anthropology, www.explore-anthropology.com/anthropology/C/Chinese_Filipino.html
China: From Exceptional Case to Global Participant, by Ronald Skeldon, University of Sussex, April 2004,
www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/print.cfm?ID=219

The Chinese in the Philippines, by Bastiaan van de Loo,
www.thephilippines.org/Articles/Chinese_in_the_Philippines_by_Bastiaan_van_de_Loo.pdf.
Chinese Find Peace and Freedom in the Philippines Costly, Tes Mapalo, University of the Philippines Diliman archives, www.upd.edu.ph/~updinfo/archives/FebMarso2000/fil-chi.htm
A Country Study: China, Library of Congress, Country Studies - Federal Research Division, lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cntoc.html
Demographics of the Philippines, Brainy Encyclopedia, www.brainyencyclopedia.com/encyclopedia/d/de/demographics_of_the_philippines.html
Demographics of the Philippines, www.fact-index.com/d/de/demographics_of_the_philippines.html
Eating Bitterness, The Impact of Asian-Pacific Migration on US Immigration Policy, Alicia J. Campi, PhD,
www.ailf.org/ipc/eatingbitternessprint.asp

Encyclopedia: Amoy,, www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Amoy
The Era of Global Navigation, www.formosa.org/~taiwanpg/island/smc1.html
The Far Eastern Crisis, The North American Review, November 1898, University of Northern Iowa, Cornell University Library, cdl.library.cornel.edu
The Former Philippines Thru Foreign Eyes, by Fedor Jagor, Authorama, www.authorama.com/former-philippines-1.html
From Chinese Laborers in the 1800s to Millions of US Citizens Today, by David Johnson, Asian-American History, www.factmonster.com/spot/immigration1.html
From Sangley to Chinoy, by Michael L. Tan, pinoy kasi! September 05, 2001, www.pinoykasi.homestead.com/files/2001articles/08052001_From_Sangley.htm
Francisco Makabulos, www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/hero/ncr/page8.html
History of Taiwan, www.eslisland.com/intro/history.html
Indio Nationalism, by Ambeth R. Ocampo, Looking Back, January 30, 2004, www.inq7.net
Influx of New Chinese Immigrants to the Philippines: Problems and Challenges, by Teresita Ang See, Kaisa Heritage Center,
Ateneo de Manila University, 1990 192.38.121.218/issco5/documents/AngSeepaper.doc

Jose Ignacio Paua: A Chinese General in the Philippine Revolution, by Teresita Ang See, Kaisa Para Sa Kaunlaran, Inc., www.bibingka.com/phg/paua/default.htm
Katalogo ng mga Apelyidong Pilipino (Catalog of Filipino Names), by Hector Santos, www.bibingka.com/names
Looking for the Golden Country: Illegal People - Traffickers, August 2002, www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk/ind/en/home/0/country_information/bulletins/china_extended_bulletin0.html
The Massacre of 1603: Chinese Perception of the Spaniards in the Philippines, by Jose Eugenio Borao, National Taiwan University, ccms.ntu.edu.tw/~borao/2Profesores/massacre.pdf
Mestizo, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestizo
The Mystery of Manila's Octagonal Cemetery, www.aenet.org/philip/octagon.htm

National Geographic Magazine, National Geographic Society, 1145 17th street NW, Washington DC,
Bronze Age China, July 2003; China’s Han Dynasty, February 2004; A Chinese Emperor’s Army for Eternity, August 1992;
Genghis Khan, December 1996; Hongkong, March 1997; Hongkong’s Refugee Dilemma, November 1979;
The Lost Fleet of Kublai Khan, November 1982; The Mongols, People of the Wilderness, May 1921;
Sons of Genghis Khan, February 1997; The Philippines: A Time of Hope and Danger, July 1986

Notes on Indonesian-Chinese and Filipino-Chinese Literature, by Caroline S. Hau, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University
The Open Door Policy, by Walter LaFeber, Noll Professor of History at Cornell University, The American Experience, America 1900,
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/1900/filmmore/reference/interview/lafeber_opendoorpolicy.html

The Parian: Emergence of the Chinese Community, Kaisa Heritage Center, www.philonline.com.ph/~kaisa/khc_btsinoy.html
Pasig Milestones Through the Centuries, www.netasia.net/users/pasig/About_the_City/PASIG_MILESTONES.html
Philippines - A Country Study, United States Library of Congress, lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/phtoc.htm
The Philippines, A Singular and a Plural Place, by David Joel Steinberg, Westview Press, Denver, Colorado, 2000
Ang Mga Pilipino Sa Ating Kasaysayan, www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/hero/ncr/page16.html
Popular Uprisings in the Philippines, 1840-1940, by David R. Sturtevant, Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London, 1976
Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History, by William Henry Scott, New Day Publishers, Quezon City, 1984
Republic of the Philippines, MSN Encarta,encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761558570_6/Philippines.html
Roman Ongpin, Asian Studies, www virtual library (WVL), www2.hawaii.edu/~pollard/examples.html
Roman Ongpin, H. Otley Beyer Virtual Museum, www virtual library (WVL), www.beyermuseum.com/pagesWri/wriCbw3.htm
San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila, www.stlorenzo.org/patronsaint.shtml
The Story of Jose Rizal, the Greatest Man of the Brown Race, by Austin Craig, Manila, Philippine Education Publishing Co. 1909, www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/rizal/craig02.htm
Taiping Rebellion, Encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/html/T/TaipingR1.asp
Unsung Trailblazers of China-West Cultural Encounter, Matthew Y. Chen, professor, City University, Hongkong,
www.cityu.edu.hk/ccs/Newsletter/newsletter8/unsungTrailblazers.html

A Walk Through Chinese Culture in Binondo, by Vernadette Joven, www.whatson-expat.com.ph/articles/2005/jan30/travel.htm
World Civilizations, Richard Hooker, 1996, www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHING/TAIPING.HTM

Nakaraang kabanata       Balik sa itaas       Lista ng mga kabanata       Tahanan ng mga Kasaysayan       I-email ang tanong o kuru-kuro